English Quizzes For IBPS RRB PO/Clerk Mains 2022 : 23rd August – Miscellaneous

TOPIC: Miscellaneous

Direction (1-10):
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.
Certain words or phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them
while answering some of the questions.

Marketing executives in
television work with a relatively stable advertising medium. In many ways, the
television ads aired today are similar to those aired two decades ago. Most
television ads still feature actors, still run 30 or 60 seconds, and still show
a product. However, the differing dynamics of the Internet pose unique
challenges to advertisers, forcing them to adapt their practices and techniques
on a regular basis.

In the early days of
Internet marketing, online advertisers employed banner and pop-up ads to
attract customers. These techniques reached large audiences, generated many
sales leads, and came at a low cost. However, a small number of Internet users
began to consider these advertising techniques intrusive and annoying. Yet
because marketing strategies relying heavily on banners and pop-ups produced
results, companies invested growing amounts of money into purchasing these ad
types in hopes of capturing market share in the burgeoning online economy. As
consumers became more sophisticated, frustration with these online advertising
techniques grew. Independent programmers began to develop tools that blocked
banner and pop-up ads. The popularity of these tools exploded when the search
engine Google, at the time an increasingly popular website fighting to solidify
its place on the Internet with giants Microsoft and Yahoo, offered free
software enabling users to block pop-up ads. The backlash against banner ads
grew as new web browsers provided users the ability to block image-based ads
such as banner ads. Although banner and pop-up ads still exist, they are far
less prominent than during the early
days of the Internet.

A major development in
online marketing came with the introduction of pay-per-click ads. Unlike banner
or pop-up ads, which originally required companies to pay every time a website
visitor saw an ad, pay-per-click ads allowed companies to pay only when an
interested potential customer clicked on an ad. More importantly, however,
these ads circumvented the pop-up
and banner blockers. As a result of these advantages and the incredible growth
in the use of search engines, which provide excellent venues for pay-per-click
advertising, companies began turning to pay-per-click marketing in droves.
However, as with the banner and pop-up ads that preceded them, pay-per-click
ads came with their drawbacks. When companies began pouring billions of dollars
into this emerging medium, online advertising specialists started to notice the
presence of what would later be called click fraud: representatives of a
company with no interest in the product advertised by a competitor click on the
competitor’s ads simply to increase the marketing cost of the competitor. Click
fraud grew so rapidly that marketers sought to diversify their online positions
away from pay-per-click marketing through new mediums.

Although pay-per-click
advertising remains a common and effective advertising tool, marketers adapted
yet again to the changing dynamics of the Internet by adopting new techniques
such as pay-per-performance advertising, search engine optimization, and affiliate marketing. As the pace of the
Internet’s evolution increases, it seems all the more likely that advertising
successfully on the Internet will require a strategy that shuns constancy and
embraces change.

Q1. According to the
passage, which of the following best describes the current status of pop-up
ads?

(a)Widely used

(b)Less popular now
than at earlier times

(c)A frequent target of
click fraud

(d)Non-existent due to
pop-up blockers

(e)Increasingly popular
due to search engines

Q2. According to the
passage, which of the following best describes the practice of click fraud?

(a) Clicking on the banner advertisements of
rival companies

(b)Using software to
block advertisements

(c)Utilizing search
engine optimization to visit the pages of competitors

(d)Fraudulently purchasing
products online

(e)Clicking on the
pay-per-click ads of competitors

Q3. According to the
passage, the largest point at which the television and Internet differ as an advertising
medium is:

(a)The type of
individual each medium reaches

(b)Whether the medium
is interactive

(d)The cost of
advertising with each medium

(e) Whether each medium
contains drawbacks

Q4. Which of the
following words best describes the author’s tone in the passage?

(a)Critical

(b)Analytical

(d) Biased

(e) Surprised

Q5. The author implies
what about the future of pay-per-performance advertising?

(a)Although it improves
on pay-per-click advertising, it is still vulnerable to click fraud

(b) It will one day
become extinct as Internet users discover drawbacks with it

(d) It will eventually
become less popular with advertisers as the Internet evolves and drawbacks
emerge

(e) It will not face
drawbacks due to its differing approach to online marketing

Q6. Which of the
following most accurately states the main idea of the passage?

(a)Although
pay-per-click advertising remains a wide-spread and effective online advertising
medium, its popularity is likely to diminish as the Internet evolves.

(b) Internet
advertising is not well received by Internet users, causing independent
programmers to subvert advertisers.

(d)Unlike the
television, the Internet has evolved rapidly, forcing online marketers to
develop new advertising strategies and mediums.

(e)The pace of the
Internet’s evolution is increasing and will only increase in the future.

Q7. The passage implies
that which of the following attributes will be the most important for future
success in online advertising:

(a) Flexible creativity

(b) Disciplined
patience

(d) Ruthless tenacity

(e) Eclectic approach

Directions
(8-9): Choose the word/group of words which is MOST OPPOSITE in meaning
to the word/ group of words printed in bold as used in the passage.

Q8. AFFILIATE

(a) confederate

(b) Adjourn

(d) incorporated

(e) associated

Q9. PROMINENT

(a) abstruse

(b) eminent

(d) protruding

(e) foremost

Directions
(10): Choose the word/group of words which is MOST SIMILAR in meaning to
the word/ group of words printed in bold as used in the passage.

Q10. CIRCUMVENTED

(a) accede

(b) acclimate

(d) outwit

(e) auspice

Directions (Q. 11-15): Rearrange the following six
sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in the proper sequence to form a
meaningful paragraph and then answer the questions given below.

A. The cumulative time spent in traffic is a major economic
loss.

B. A number of technologies are available to implement a
congestion charging system. The

challenge is to pick one that reduces transaction costs,
and is sealed against revenue leakage.

C. A charge on private vehicles in selected areas and at
particular times of day would be a reasonable response to externalities they
create.

D. As choosing to drive one’s own car or other vehicle into
a city centre puts pressure on limited road

space, contributes to pollution and global warming, and
results in reduced mobility for all.

E. This makes them robust, affordable and sustainable.

F. Congestion charging schemes therefore levy a premium for
the privilege of using a personal car,

and the funds thus collected should be ploughed back
exclusively into public transport options.

Q11.
Which of the following should be the FIRST
sentence after rearrangement?

(a) A

(b) F

(d) D

(e) E

Q12. Which of the following should be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?

(a) F

(b) B

(d) D

(e) E

Q13.
Which of the following should be the THIRD
sentence after rearrangement?

(a) A

(b) B

(d) D

(e) E

Q14. Which of the following should be the FOURTH sentence after rearrangement?

(a) B

(b) C

(d) E

(e) F

Q15. Which of the following should be the SIXTH (last) sentence after
rearrangement?

(a) A

(b) B

(d) D

(e) E

SOLUTIONS:

S1. Ans.(b)

Sol.

Option (b) is correct

The crucial sentence in
the passage is: “Although banner and pop-up ads still exist, they are far
less prominent than during the early days of the Internet.”

a. There is no support
for this in the passage. It is implicitly contradicted by the words “far
less prominent.”

c. Pay-per-click
advertising is a target of “click fraud,” not banner ads, which
suffered from blocking programs.

d. The passage states
that pop-ups “still exist.”

e. The passage states
that pay-per-click advertising—not pop-ups—is more popular due to search
engines

S2. Ans.(e)

Sol.

Option (e) is correct

The pertinent sentence
from the passage is: “pay-per-click ads came with their drawbacks. When
companies began pouring billions of dollars into this emerging medium, online
advertising specialists started to notice the presence of what would later be
called “click fraud”: representatives of a company with no interest
in the product a competitor advertised clicked on the competitor’s ads simply
to increase the marketing cost of the competitor.”

S3. Ans.(c)

Sol.

Option(c) is correct

The key sentences are
at the beginning, where television and the Internet are compared: “In many
ways, the television ads aired today are similar to those aired two decades
ago. Most television ads still feature actors, still run 30 or 60 seconds, and
still show a product.

However, the differing
dynamics of the Internet pose unique challenges to advertisers, forcing them to
adapt their practices and techniques on a regular basis.”

S4. Ans.(b)

Sol.

Option(b) is correct

From the very
beginning, the author is analyzing a situation and making a case for the rapid
evolution of Internet marketing.

S5. Ans.(d)

Sol.

The central theme of
the passage is that the Internet is evolving rapidly and current advertising
mediums will eventually be replaced (albeit not completely) by new mediums.
Just after mentioning pay-per-performance advertising, the author concludes by
saying “As the pace of the Internet’s evolution increases, it seems all
the more likely that advertising successfully on the Internet will require a
strategy that shuns constancy and embraces change.”

(a)There is no mention
of click-fraud applying to pay-per-performance advertising. Since click-fraud
does not apply to all online advertising methods and no description of
pay-per-performance advertising is given, it is not possible to infer that
click-fraud applies to pay-per-performance advertising.

(b)The passage never
asserts that Internet ad strategies become “extinct.” Rather it
asserts that they dwindle in popularity as Internet users adapt and the ad
strategies become less effective.

(c) Developing software
to block ads referred to the problem with pop-up and banner advertisements. The
article never implied that this problem existed with all Internet advertising
strategies.

(d)Since the main point
of the article is that the Internet evolves and online advertising strategies
change, it is reasonable to conclude that pay-per-performance advertising will
have a similar fate as the other advertising strategies mentioned in the
passage: declining popularity over time.

(e) Nothing in the
passage supports the idea that an online advertising strategy will remain
popular indefinitely even as the Internet evolves rapidly – this contradicts
the main point of the passage.

S6. Ans.(d)

Sol.

This
statement encapsulates the author’s point in each paragraph: the evolution of
the Internet is forcing advertisers to change their strategies rapidly. The
phrase “unlike the television” ties into the introductory point.

S7. Ans.(a)

Sol.

The
main point of the article is that the Internet evolves and, as a result, online
advertisers must adapt their strategies. The implication is that future success
will require this same innovation and willingness to change tactics.

S8. Ans.(b)

Sol.

Affiliate means
officially attach or connect (a subsidiary group or a person) to an
organization hence adjourn is the word most opposite in meaning.

S9. Ans.(a)

Sol.

Prominent means
important; famous hence abstruse is the word most opposite in meaning.

S10. Ans.(d)

Sol.

Circumvent means find a
way around (an obstacle) hence outwit is the word most similar in meaning.

S11. Ans. (c)