1. Fortify [fawr-tuh-fahy] =मज़बूत करना
Verb: to protect or strengthen against attack; surround or provide with defensive military works; to furnish with a means of resisting force or standing strain or wear; to make strong; impart strength or vigor to; to increase the effectiveness of, as by additional ingredients; to strengthen mentally or morally; to confirm or corroborate.
Antonyms: harm, hurt, injure, let down.
Example/उदाहरण: Government of Karnataka. On September 20, the court upheld a ban on a book without so much as considering the implications that such sanctions have on free speech.
2. Sanction [sangk-shuh n] =प्रतिबंध
Noun: authoritative permission or approval, as for an action; something that serves to support an action, condition, etc.; something that gives binding force, as to an oath, rule of conduct, etc.
Synonyms: approval, acquiescence, allowance, approbation, assent, authority, backing, confirmation, consent, countenance, encouragement, endorsement, fiat, go-ahead, leave, nod, okay, permission, permit, ratification, recommendation, sufferance, support.
Antonyms: denial, disagreement, disapproval, discouragement.
Example/उदाहरण: The judgment has been hailed for its erudition, for its analytic rigour, and, more than anything else, for placing civil liberties at the heart of our constitutional discourse.
3. Rigor [rig-er] =कठोरता
Noun: strictness, severity, or harshness, as in dealing with people; the full or extreme severity of laws, rules, etc; severity of living conditions; hardship; austerity; a severe or harsh act, circumstance, etc.
Synonyms: accuracy, austerity, difficulty, firmness, hardship, harshness, ordeal, precision, rigidity, tenacity, tribulation, vicissitude, affliction, asperity, conscientiousness, conventionalism, exactitude, hardness, inclemency, inflexibility, intolerance, meticulousness, obduracy, preciseness.
Antonyms: calm, calmness, ease, happiness.
Example/उदाहरण: But just weeks later, we’re left grappling with the court’s proclivity for illiberalism in Poojaya Sri Jagadguru Maate Mahadevi v. Government of Karnataka.
4. Grapple [grap-uh l] =पकड़ना
Verb: to hold or make fast to something, as with a grapple; to use a grapple; to seize another, or each other, in a firm grip, as in wrestling; clinch; to engage in a struggle or close encounter (usually followed by with).
Synonyms: confront, contend, cope, deal with, attack, battle, catch, clash, clasp, close, clutch, combat, encounter, engage, face, fasten, fight, grasp, grip, hold, hook, hug.
Antonyms: agree, avoid, be immune, cancel.
5. Proclivity [proh-kliv-i-tee] =झुकाव
Noun: natural or habitual inclination or tendency; propensity; predisposition.
Synonyms: penchant, predilection, predisposition, propensity, bent, bias, disposition, druthers, facility, flash, groove, inclining, leaning, proneness.
Antonyms: antipathy, disinclination, dislike, hate.
Example/उदाहरण: The order is the latest example in a litany of cases, going back to the court’s inception, which calls into question the commonly held notion of our highest judiciary serving as a custodian of fundamental rights.
6. Litany [lit-n-ee] =एक साधारण प्रार्थना की रीति
Noun: a ceremonial or liturgical form of prayer consisting of a series of invocations or supplications with responses that are the same for a number in succession.
Synonyms: catalogue, recitation, repetition, account, enumeration, invocation, list, petition, prayer, refrain, supplication, tale.
7. Notion [noh-shuh n] =धारणा
Noun: a general understanding; vague or imperfect conception or idea of something; an opinion, view, or belief; conception or idea; a fanciful or foolish idea; whim.
Synonyms: approach, assumption, concept, conception, image, impression, knowledge, opinion, perception, sentiment, suggestion, thought, understanding, view, angle, apprehension, awareness, clue, comprehension.
Antonyms: being, concrete, reality, ignorance.
8. Custodian [kuh-stoh-dee-uh n] =संरक्षक
Noun: a person who has custody; keeper; guardian; a person entrusted with guarding or maintaining a property; janitor.
Synonyms: curator, keeper, overseer, protector, steward, superintendent, supervisor, warden, watchdog, bodyguard, cerberus, cleaner, concierge, escort, guardian, manager.
Example/उदाहरण: In cases such as this one, the court doesn’t see rights as trumps, but rather as abstract notions that lie at the state’s whimsical behest.
9. Whimsical [hwim-zi-kuh l, wim-] =सनकी
Adjective: given to whimsy or fanciful notions; capricious; of the nature of or proceeding from whimsy, as thoughts or actions; erratic; unpredictable.
Synonyms: amusing, comical, droll, eccentric, funny, mischievous, odd, unusual, weird, arbitrary, capricious, chancy, chimerical, curious, dicey, erratic, fantastic, flaky, freakish.
Antonyms: boring, common, dramatic, normal.
10. Behest [bih-hest] =आज्ञा
Noun: a command or directive; an earnest or strongly worded request.
Synonyms: bidding, charge, command, commandment, demand, dictate, direction, injunction, instruction, mandate, order, precept, prompting.
Antonyms: answer, question, reply.
