SBI PO और NIACL Assistant की परीक्षा के लिए अब केवल कुछ ही दिन शेष हैं. यह समय SBI PO Prelims और NIACL Assistant Prelims 2017 की परीक्षा के लिए अपनी तैयारी में तेजी लाने का है. यह अंग्रेजी के प्रश्न आपको BOB PO और NICL AO 2017 recruitment examination में भी बेहतर अंक प्राप्त करने में सहायता करेंगे. हम व्याकरण अनुभाग के लिए study notes भी प्रदान कर रहे है. और आप New Pattern English Questions का भी अभ्यास कर सकते है.
Directions (1-8): Read the following paragraph. Answer the questions based on this paragraph.
A main component of NASA’s search for evidence of life on Mars is the identification of biosignatures. The most common of these indicative markets of extant or extinct life are carbonate minerals, which are formed when carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reacts with other minerals and liquid water. A widely-held belief among astrobiologists is that proof of running or standing liquid water can be construed as diagnostic evidence of the existence of life. It has been established that a large portion of the red planet’s surface contains areas of frozen water, leading some scientists to theorize that the climate of ancient Mars was hotter and wetter than today, with a greenhouse- like atmosphere heavy with carbon dioxide. In this type of atmosphere, the existence of vast oceans similar to that of Earth would have been a very real possibility. Images of the landscape of Mars have lent support to these theories. Massive surface erosions resembling the Grand Canyon and land features that appear to be dried-up sea floor suggest that liquid water was indeed present on Mars at one point in the planet’s history. But recent findings on the planet paint a different picture. If this model of ancient Mars were true, there should be a significant carbonate presence on the planet, but this is not the case. Though trace carbonates have been identified, the amounts are not commensurate with the prolonged existence of large bodies of flowing liquid water. These curious findings support other scientific theories that purport that Mars was never warm and wet, and that except for a few very brief cataclysmic instances in its history, Mars has always been a frozen planet, at least on the surface. However, if this proves to be true, it does not necessarily preclude the existence of life on the red planet. Indeed, a critical flaw in the extraterrestrial search for biosignatures like carbonates is that we are applying traditional criteria for diagnostic markers of life on Earth to another planet, and as new discoveries are teaching us, our understanding of life on our own planet is limited, and accordingly, so is our index of biosignatures. For example, microscopic life forms have recently been found in some of the most extreme temperatures and environments on our planet that scientists previously believed were completely inhospitable to the support of life. Evidence of rock-eating microbes has been discovered almost a mile beneath the ocean floor, and living in the seemingly dead deep-freeze of Antarctic ice. Elsewhere, other microbes have been found thriving in caustic environments of toxic gas, and swimming in scorching sulfur pools. Such findings contradict the traditional idea that a specified, delicate set of circumstances is necessary for the development and sustenance of life. Ironically enough, this leads us to the conclusion that before we can embark upon a truly effective search for life on other planets, we must start with an exhaustive one right here on Earth.
Q1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(a) describe different astrobiological theories about the history of Mars
(b) dispute the possibility of the existence of any life form on Mars
(c) detail the extraterrestrial implications of new life-form discoveries for Earth
(d) offer an alternate strategy for effectively identifying signs of e extraterrestrial life
(e) illustrate the uses and limitations of biosignatures as a means of inferring extraterrestrial life
Q2. The author indicates that the discovery of very few carbonates on the surface of Mars mainly served to
(a) support the idea that the climate of Mars was once warm and wet
(b) prove incontrovertibly that life has never existed on Mars
(c) prompt astrobiologists to turn their attention to Earth for answers
(d) cast doubt on a popular theory about the climate of ancient Mars
(e) spawn an entirely new theory about the history of Mars
Q3. In the context of the passage, which of the following best describes the author’s opinion on the astrobiologists’ “extraterrestrial search for biosignatures” (lines 38-39)?
(a) The search is an investigation of an exigent nature,
(b) The search is a interesting endeavor some what circumscribed in scope.
(c) The search is a nonsensical waste of money and efforts.
(d) The search is critical to better understanding our own planet’s history.
(e) The search is a quest fueled by suspicious motives.
Q4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is/are true of Mars?
I. There are carbonate minerals present on its surface.
II. It once had a greenhouse-like atmosphere.
III. It shares geological similarities with Earth.
(a) I only
(b) II only
(c) I and II only
(d) I and III only
(e) I, II, and III
Q5. All of the following statements can be inferred from the examples of the “new discoveries” on Earth (line 42) EXCEPT
(a) The ice on Mars is possibly a biosignature.
(b) Scientific knowledge is constantly being revised.
(c) It is possible that life may be found deep beneath the surface of Mars.
(d) Bacterial life is much heartier and persistent than previously realized.
(e) Carbonates are not applicable as a biosignature on other planets
Q6. Which of the following details, if added to the passage, would best support the theory that Mars was never wet or warm?
(a) The erosion on the surface of Mars may have been forged by flash floods created from the fiery impact of huge asteroids covered in ice.
(b) The apparent canyons and sea floors were formed by years of superheated flowing lava.
(c) A huge asteroid impact caused the carbon dioxide gas in the Martian atmosphere to dissipate into space.
(d) Carbonate levels similar to that on the surface of Mars have been discovered in a riverbed in Spain.
(e) Fossilized evidence of Earth-like flora has been uncovered near Mars’ north pole.
Q7. The function of the passage’s final sentence is to
(a) summarize the main points made about biosignatures in the passage.
(b) propose a radical idea concerning the search for signs of extraterrestrial life.
(c) draw a conclusion from the examples given in the two preceding sentences that applies to the entire passage.
(d) disparage the conventional thinking of many of those who work in the field of astrobiology.
(e) reiterate the idea that searching for biosignatures on Mars is a pointless task.
Q8. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following would be considered an extraterrestrial biosignature?
I. a sedimentary fossil
II. amino acids associated with life on Earth
III. apparent surface erosion caused by a liquid
(a) I only
(b) II only
(c) I and II only
(d) I and III only
(e) I, II, and III
Directions (9-15): Choose the word which is not a synonym for the given word.
Q9. Porcelain
(a) ceramics
(b) pottery
(c) earthenware
(d) mirror
(e) none of these
Q10. Eccentric
(a) aberrant
(b) atypical
(c) facile
(d) bizarre
(e) none of these
Q11. Quagmire
(a) fen
(b) morass
(c) swamp
(d) palisade
(e) none of these
Q12. Stockade
(a) rampart
(b) fence
(c) paling
(d) shuttle
(e) none of these
Q13. Bestial
(a) feral
(b) feminine
(c) fiendish
(d) savage
(e) none of these
Q14. Revelry
(a) jollity
(b) slough
(c) conviviality
(d) feasting
(e) none of these
Q15. Fester
(a) putrefy
(b) ulcerate
(c) rot
(d) retrieve
(e) none of these
Daily Vocabulary Word 28th April, 2023 ...
English Quizzes For SIDBI GRADE A 2023- ...
