Directions (1-5): Read the following passage and answer the following questions given below.
Water pollution is the big environmental and social issue all across the world. It has reached to the critical point now. According to the National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, it has been noted that around 70 per cent of the river water has been polluted to a great extent. Major river systems of the India such as Ganga, Brahmaputra, Indus, peninsular, and west coast river systems have been affected to a great extent. Major rivers in India especially Ganga is highly associated with the Indian culture and heritage. People generally take early morning bath and use Ganga Jal as an offering to the God and Goddess during any festival and fast occasion. They also discharge all the wastes of puja ceremony in the Ganga in the myth of completing their puja.
Discharging of wastes in the rivers causes water pollution by decreasing the self- recycling capacity of the water so it should be banned by the government in all countries especially India in order to keep the river water clean and fresh. The condition of water pollution is much worse in the India than other countries having high level of industrialization. As per the report of Central Pollution Control Board, Ganga is the most polluted river in India now which was very famous earlier for its flexibility of self- purifying capacity and fast-flowing river. Around 45 tanneries and 10 textile mills are discharging their wastes (containing heavy organic load and decomposed materials) directly into the river near Kanpur. According to the estimates, approximately 1,400 million litres sewage and 200 million litres industrial effluents are getting discharged continuously on daily basis into the river Ganga.
Other main industries causing water pollution are sugar mills, distillery, glycerine, tin, paints, soap spinning, rayon, silk, yarn, etc. which are discharging poisonous wastes. In 1984, a Central Ganga Authority was established by the government to start the Ganga Action Plan in order to control the Ganga water pollution. According to this plan around 120 factories were identified in 27 cities spreading pollution to a great extent from Haridwar to Hooghly. Gomati river near Lucknow is receiving wastes of around 19.84 million gallons from the factories of pulp, paper, distillery, sugar, tannery, textile, cement, heavy chemicals, paints and varnishes etc. The condition has become more deteriorating in the last four decades. In order to prevent the water pollution all the industries should follow standard norms, strict laws should be enforced by the Pollution Control Board, arrangement of proper sewage disposal facilities, establishment of sewage and water treatment plant, arrangement of sulabh type toilets and may more.
Q1. In which of the following ways is the river Ganga associated with Indian culture and heritage as mentioned in the above passage?
- People take early morning bath in the Ganga river
- Use Ganga Jal as an offering to the God and Goddess during any festival and fast occasion
- Discharge all the wastes of puja ceremony in the Ganga in the myth of completing their puja
- None of the above
- All of the above
Solution: All of the above are correct as per the passage. Refer paragraph 1.
Q2. Which of the following property of water is affected by the discharging of wastes in the river?
- Entropy
- Self- recycling capacity
- Viscosity of water
- Both (b) and (c)
- None of the above
Solution: Self- recycling capacity of water is affected by discharging waste. Refer paragraph 2.
Q3. Which of the following is FALSE with respect to the passage?
- Water pollution is the big environmental and social issue all across the world.
- The condition of water pollution is much worse in the India than other countries having high level of industrialization.
- Major river systems of the India such as Ganga, Brahmaputra, Indus, peninsular, and west coast river systems have been affected to a great extent.
- Most of the important animals and plants species have been lost because of the water contamination.
- Major rivers in India especially Ganga is highly associated with the Indian culture and heritage.
Solution: Only option (d) is false with respect to the passage.
Q4. Which of the following is OPPOSITE in meaning to DETERIORATING given in BOLD?
- decline
- ebb
- elevate
- diminishing
- crumbling
Solution: ‘Elevate’ is opposite in meaning to ‘deteriorating’. Deteriorating means to become progressively worse.
Q5. Which of the following is OPPOSITE in meaning to ENFORCED given in BOLD?
- imposed
- volunteered
- sanctioned
- prescribed
- compelled
Solution: ‘Volunteered’ is opposite in meaning to ‘enforced’. Enforced means cause (something) to happen by necessity or force.
Directions (6-10): In each of the questions given below, a sentence is given which is divided into FOUR parts such that the parts are jumbled and they do not make a meaningful sentence. Rearrange the following parts to form a grammatically correct and meaningful sentence and choose the correct rearrangement from the options given below each question.
Q6. and genetic relatedness between species (A)/ in the Sikkim Himalaya temperature, day length (B)/ their first buds, flowers and fruits, finds a new study (C)/ determine when rhododendrons put out (D)/
- BACD
- ABDC
- BADC
- CDBA
- No change
Solution: BADC is the correct arrangement of the sentence.
Q7. about 37% of the area (A)/ a third of which (about 11%) is (B)/ used for crops (C)/ of the entire world is agricultural land, (D)/
- DCBA
- BCDA
- ADCB
- ADBC
- No change
Solution: ADBC is the correct arrangement of the sentence.
Q8. photosynthesis is actually not by (A)/ the most efficient use of (B)/land plants but by micro and (C)/macro algae, such as seaweeds (D)/
- BACD
- ABDC
- BADC
- DCBA
- No change
Solution: BACD is the correct arrangement of the sentence.
Q9. if a knight were to kill an (A)/opponent that had surrendered (B)/ stained in the eyes of the people (C)/ in a duel, his honor would be (D)/
- DCBA
- BCDA
- ACDB
- ABDC
- No change
Solution: ABDC is the correct arrangement of the sentence.
Q10. a traitor to his country (A)/ in the eyes of his countrymen, and (B)/ and his people has no honor (C)/is often shunned or despised (D)/
- ACBD
- ACDB
- BCDA
- CDBA
- No change
Solution: ACBD is the correct arrangement of the sentence.
Directions (11-15): In the passage given below there are blanks which are numbered from 11 to 15. They are to be filled with the options given below the passage against each of the respective numbers. Find out the appropriate word in each case which can most suitably complete the sentence without altering its meaning. If none of the words given in options fits in, mark ‘None of these’ as your answer choice.
Q11. Fresh water is the most important source of life on the earth. Any living thing may ——11——- without food for days however it is impossible to imagine life without water and oxygen. The ever- increasing human population ——–12——– the demand of more water for purposes like drinking, washing, performing industrial processes, irrigating crops, arranging swimming pools and other water-sports centers. Water pollution is done by the people of all over the world because of increasing demands and competitions of luxurious life. Waste products from many human activities are ——-13——– the whole water and decreasing the amount of oxygen available in the water. Such pollutants are altering the physical, chemical, thermal, and biological characteristics of the water and adversely affecting the lives inside as well as outside the water. When we drink the polluted water, harmful chemicals and other pollutants goes inside our body and deteriorates all the body organs functioning and puts our lives in danger. Such harmful chemicals also disturb the lives of animals and plants greatly. When plants absorb dirty water through their roots, they stop growing and die. Thousands of seabirds are killing because of the oil ———14——– from ships and industries. High level of water pollution is done due to the chemicals coming out of the agricultural usage of fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides. The effect of water pollution varies from place to place upon the type and amount of water contamination. The ——-15——– of drinking water needs an urgent basis prevention method which is possible by the proper understanding and support from the end of each and every person living on the earth.
- long- lasting
- evergreen
- survive
- glide
- None of these
Solution: ‘Survive’ is the correct fit here for the blank and it means continue to live or exist, especially in spite of danger or hardship.
Q12. Fresh water is the most important source of life on the earth. Any living thing may ——11——- without food for days however it is impossible to imagine life without water and oxygen. The ever- increasing human population ——–12——– the demand of more water for purposes like drinking, washing, performing industrial processes, irrigating crops, arranging swimming pools and other water-sports centers. Water pollution is done by the people of all over the world because of increasing demands and competitions of luxurious life. Waste products from many human activities are ——-13——– the whole water and decreasing the amount of oxygen available in the water. Such pollutants are altering the physical, chemical, thermal, and biological characteristics of the water and adversely affecting the lives inside as well as outside the water. When we drink the polluted water, harmful chemicals and other pollutants goes inside our body and deteriorates all the body organs functioning and puts our lives in danger. Such harmful chemicals also disturb the lives of animals and plants greatly. When plants absorb dirty water through their roots, they stop growing and die. Thousands of seabirds are killing because of the oil ———14——– from ships and industries. High level of water pollution is done due to the chemicals coming out of the agricultural usage of fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides. The effect of water pollution varies from place to place upon the type and amount of water contamination. The ——-15——– of drinking water needs an urgent basis prevention method which is possible by the proper understanding and support from the end of each and every person living on the earth.
- enhances
- requiring
- demands
- forecasts
- None of these
Solution: ‘Enhances’ is the correct fit here for the blank.
Q13. Fresh water is the most important source of life on the earth. Any living thing may ——11——- without food for days however it is impossible to imagine life without water and oxygen. The ever- increasing human population ——–12——– the demand of more water for purposes like drinking, washing, performing industrial processes, irrigating crops, arranging swimming pools and other water-sports centers. Water pollution is done by the people of all over the world because of increasing demands and competitions of luxurious life. Waste products from many human activities are ——-13——– the whole water and decreasing the amount of oxygen available in the water. Such pollutants are altering the physical, chemical, thermal, and biological characteristics of the water and adversely affecting the lives inside as well as outside the water. When we drink the polluted water, harmful chemicals and other pollutants goes inside our body and deteriorates all the body organs functioning and puts our lives in danger. Such harmful chemicals also disturb the lives of animals and plants greatly. When plants absorb dirty water through their roots, they stop growing and die. Thousands of seabirds are killing because of the oil ———14——– from ships and industries. High level of water pollution is done due to the chemicals coming out of the agricultural usage of fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides. The effect of water pollution varies from place to place upon the type and amount of water contamination. The ——-15——– of drinking water needs an urgent basis prevention method which is possible by the proper understanding and support from the end of each and every person living on the earth.
- degrade
- spoiling
- mesmerize
- prey
- None of these
Solution: ‘Spoiling’ is the correct fit here for the blank.
Q14. Fresh water is the most important source of life on the earth. Any living thing may ——11——- without food for days however it is impossible to imagine life without water and oxygen. The ever- increasing human population ——–12——– the demand of more water for purposes like drinking, washing, performing industrial processes, irrigating crops, arranging swimming pools and other water-sports centers. Water pollution is done by the people of all over the world because of increasing demands and competitions of luxurious life. Waste products from many human activities are ——-13——– the whole water and decreasing the amount of oxygen available in the water. Such pollutants are altering the physical, chemical, thermal, and biological characteristics of the water and adversely affecting the lives inside as well as outside the water. When we drink the polluted water, harmful chemicals and other pollutants goes inside our body and deteriorates all the body organs functioning and puts our lives in danger. Such harmful chemicals also disturb the lives of animals and plants greatly. When plants absorb dirty water through their roots, they stop growing and die. Thousands of seabirds are killing because of the oil ———14——– from ships and industries. High level of water pollution is done due to the chemicals coming out of the agricultural usage of fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides. The effect of water pollution varies from place to place upon the type and amount of water contamination. The ——-15——– of drinking water needs an urgent basis prevention method which is possible by the proper understanding and support from the end of each and every person living on the earth.
- filling
- spilling
- shining
- lining
- None of these
Solution: ‘Spilling’ is the correct fit here for the blank and it means cause or allow (liquid) to flow over the edge of its container, especially unintentionally.
Q15. Fresh water is the most important source of life on the earth. Any living thing may ——11——- without food for days however it is impossible to imagine life without water and oxygen. The ever- increasing human population ——–12——– the demand of more water for purposes like drinking, washing, performing industrial processes, irrigating crops, arranging swimming pools and other water-sports centers. Water pollution is done by the people of all over the world because of increasing demands and competitions of luxurious life. Waste products from many human activities are ——-13——– the whole water and decreasing the amount of oxygen available in the water. Such pollutants are altering the physical, chemical, thermal, and biological characteristics of the water and adversely affecting the lives inside as well as outside the water. When we drink the polluted water, harmful chemicals and other pollutants goes inside our body and deteriorates all the body organs functioning and puts our lives in danger. Such harmful chemicals also disturb the lives of animals and plants greatly. When plants absorb dirty water through their roots, they stop growing and die. Thousands of seabirds are killing because of the oil ———14——– from ships and industries. High level of water pollution is done due to the chemicals coming out of the agricultural usage of fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides. The effect of water pollution varies from place to place upon the type and amount of water contamination. The ——-15——– of drinking water needs an urgent basis prevention method which is possible by the proper understanding and support from the end of each and every person living on the earth.
- pollutant
- devastate
- population
- degradation
- None of these
Solution: ‘Degradation’ is the correct fit here for the blank and it means the condition or process of degrading or being degraded.
NIACL AO मेंस परीक्ष...
NIACL AO प्रीलिम्स 202...
NIACL AO पिछले वर्ष ...
