Bank Exams English Notes 2019
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ADVERBS
An adverb is a word which modifies the meaning of a verb, an adjective or an adverb.
Example: Govinda reads quite clearly.
Kinds of Adverb:
(a) According to meaning
1) Adverbs of Time : They are the adverbs which tell us when an action takes place.
Example: I shall meet him tomorrow.
Rule : Time adverbs cannot be used in the present perfect, instead the past indefinite is used for them.
Example : I saw a 3D Sci-fi movie last night.
2) Adverbs of Place : They are the adverbs which tell us where an action takes place. For example,
Example: He left his wallet there.
3) Adverbs of Manner : They are the adverbs which tell us how an action takes place or in what manner. For example, Gautam Buddha left his family stealthily.
4) Adverbs of Frequency : They are the adverbs which tell us how often an action takes place. For example, The Delhi Police is always with you .
5) Adverbs of Degree or Quantity : They are the adverbs which tell us how much or in what degree or to what extent. For example, I have tried enough and now I give up.
Rule : The adverb “so” as an adverb of degree must not be used absolutely.
Example : He is very arrogant.
Rule : That “should not be used instead of ” so “as an adverb”.
Example : He went only so far.
Rule : The adverb “too” should not be used instead of “very” or “much” and vice versa.
Example : She is very beautiful.
Rule : Much is used with past participles used as adjectives not with present participles.
Example : The match became very boring after some time.
Rule : Adverb of degree comes just before the adjective it qualifies.
Example: He is too weak to walk.
6) Adverbs of Affirmation and Negation : They are the adverbs which tell us whether an action is done or not. For example, He has not left the place.
7) Adverbs of Reason : They are the adverbs which tell us why an action takes place. For example,
She therefore decided to be a rich woman.
(b) According to use
1) Simple Adverb : It only modifies some words (verb, adjective or an adverb). All the above examples belong to this category.
2) Interrogative Adverb : It not only modifies some words but also introduces a question. For example, How did you come here?
3) Relative Adverb : It not only modifies some words but also refers back to some antecedent. For example, How can I forget the day when happiness was showered on me from all sides?
Forms of adverb :
Rule : Adjective should not be used for adverb.
Example: The moon shone brightly in the sky.
Rule : Some adverbs have two forms, the form ending in-ly and the form which is the same as adjective. For example, loud, quick, high, hard, near, late, pretty.
Example: He fought hard for the No. 1 spot in the game.
Comparison of adverbs :
Rule : Adverbs ending in -ly form the comparative by adding more and the superlative by adding most.
Example : The petrol price hike issue has been debated more hotly than the urea scam.
Rule : If the adverb is of one syllable, the comparative is formed by adding-er and the superlative by addingest to the positive.
Example : The hare runs faster than a dog.
Position of adverbs :
Rule : Adverbs of manner, place and time are generally placed after the verb or after the object if there is one.
Example: Shee wrote that article last year.
Rule : When there are two or more adverbs after a verb (and its object), the normal order is; adverb of manner, adverb of place, adverb of time.
Example: I read the proof meticulously at home the day before yesterday.
Rule : Adverbs of frequency and most of the adverbs of quantity are
i) normally put between the subject and the verb if the verb consists of only one word;
ii) put after the first word if there is more than one word in the verb;
iii) put after the verb if the verb is am/are/is/was/were;
Rule : Two negatives should not be used in the same sentence unless we wish to make an affirmation.
Example: He did not despise any of his lovers.
Rule : Else should be followed by but.
Example: It is nothing else but a misunderstanding.
Rule : Never should not be used for not.
Example:: He met his friend after a long time and his friend did not recognise him.
Rule : Ever should not be used for never.
Correct: She seldom or never has sweet talks with her daughter.
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