IBPS PO Mains English Quiz
The English Language has given heebie-jeebies to many aspirants especially in banking mains examination. To help you ease your preparation, Bankersadda has provided English Language Quiz according to the latest & dynamic pattern of Banking exams in the form of 30 Days study plan for IBPS PO Mains 2019. These types of quizzes are useful for IBPS PO 2019 mains & other upcoming banking & insurance exams. So, keep calm and practice for upcoming exams. Here is the quiz for 22nd November.
Directions (1-5): Read the following passage
carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are given in
bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are given in
bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
The global economy is likely to pull out of a
brief growth slump later this year – with a little help from the world’s
central banks and from U.S. and Chinese trade negotiators. Global finance
leaders gathered from the spring meetings of the International Monetary Fund
and the World Bank agree that the global economy has lost momentum this year.
But they expect growth to pick up in the second half of 2019, as central
bankers ease up on interest rates. Still, a trade standoff between the United
States and China threatens to dim the economic outlook. “We must be mindful of
an escalation of trade tensions,” Japanese Finance Minister Taro Aso told
reporters on Friday.
brief growth slump later this year – with a little help from the world’s
central banks and from U.S. and Chinese trade negotiators. Global finance
leaders gathered from the spring meetings of the International Monetary Fund
and the World Bank agree that the global economy has lost momentum this year.
But they expect growth to pick up in the second half of 2019, as central
bankers ease up on interest rates. Still, a trade standoff between the United
States and China threatens to dim the economic outlook. “We must be mindful of
an escalation of trade tensions,” Japanese Finance Minister Taro Aso told
reporters on Friday.
Japan holds the chairmanship of the Group of 20 major economies. The G-20 on
Friday said that world economic growth weakened late last year and early this
year because of heightened trade tensions, turbulent financial markets and
rising interest rates. The IMF cut its forecast for global growth from 3.6%
last year to 3.3% in 2019, the slowest since the recession year 2009, but it
predicts growth will return to 3.6% in 2020. Haruhiko Kuroda, head of the Bank
of Japan, told reporters on Friday that the G-20 officials saw the IMF’s
revised forecast as “highly likely” but said all the countries would need to do
their part to boost growth.
Friday said that world economic growth weakened late last year and early this
year because of heightened trade tensions, turbulent financial markets and
rising interest rates. The IMF cut its forecast for global growth from 3.6%
last year to 3.3% in 2019, the slowest since the recession year 2009, but it
predicts growth will return to 3.6% in 2020. Haruhiko Kuroda, head of the Bank
of Japan, told reporters on Friday that the G-20 officials saw the IMF’s
revised forecast as “highly likely” but said all the countries would need to do
their part to boost growth.
Forecasters are worried about the U.S.-China trade conflict. The world’s two
biggest economies have slapped tariffs on $350 billion worth of each other’s
goods. They are battling over U.S. allegations that China deploys predatory
tactics – including cybertheft and forcing foreign firms to hand over trade
secrets — in a sharp-elbowed effort to challenge American technological
dominance. Financial markets have rallied this year on hopes that the two
countries will reach a settlement. Changyong Rhee, director of the
International Monetary Fund’s Asia and Pacific Department, said at a briefing
on Friday that markets could falter if negotiators can’t reach a deal after
all.
biggest economies have slapped tariffs on $350 billion worth of each other’s
goods. They are battling over U.S. allegations that China deploys predatory
tactics – including cybertheft and forcing foreign firms to hand over trade
secrets — in a sharp-elbowed effort to challenge American technological
dominance. Financial markets have rallied this year on hopes that the two
countries will reach a settlement. Changyong Rhee, director of the
International Monetary Fund’s Asia and Pacific Department, said at a briefing
on Friday that markets could falter if negotiators can’t reach a deal after
all.
Even a U.S.-China trade deal could create new problems, Rhee said. If the
Chinese agree to take in more imports from the United States, as widely
expected, those purchases could come at the expense other countries that have
been doing business with China. Rhee also expressed concern that China would
give American companies “preferential access,” undercutting other
countries and leading to “broader worries” about the future of free trade. Rhee also said a U.S.-China trade peace could
prove “short-lived” if the two countries can’t reach a long-term deal that
requires Beijing to improve protection of intellectual-property and make other
economic reforms.
Chinese agree to take in more imports from the United States, as widely
expected, those purchases could come at the expense other countries that have
been doing business with China. Rhee also expressed concern that China would
give American companies “preferential access,” undercutting other
countries and leading to “broader worries” about the future of free trade. Rhee also said a U.S.-China trade peace could
prove “short-lived” if the two countries can’t reach a long-term deal that
requires Beijing to improve protection of intellectual-property and make other
economic reforms.
Q1. According to the group of twenty major
economies, which of the following have been the reasons for sputtered global
economic growth?
economies, which of the following have been the reasons for sputtered global
economic growth?
(I) unsettled financial market
(II) elevating interest rates
(III) magnified trade pressure
(a) Only (I)
(b) Only (II)
(c) Both (II) & (III)
(d) Both (I) & (II)
(e) All (I), (II) & (III)
Q2. Why has the trade between US and China slumped since last year?
(a) Chinese officials have underscored the option of reaching a negotiated
solution with the U.S.
solution with the U.S.
(b) China wants to ward off American threats of separate duties on manufactured
goods
goods
(c) US and China have accused each other of illegally subsidizing their main
aircraft makers.
aircraft makers.
(d) US has alleged China of cybertheft and forcing non-native firms to hand
over their trade secrets to challenge America’s dominance in technology sector.
over their trade secrets to challenge America’s dominance in technology sector.
(e) None of these
Q3. Why did Rhee state that “a US-China trade deal could create new
problems”?
problems”?
(a) It’s not in the interests of the U.S. and China to find a friendly accord
on the issue of penalties
on the issue of penalties
(b) The imports from US to China will have tremendous impact on other countries
which are importing to China.
which are importing to China.
(c) Any attempt to solve the trade issues between US and China will lead to
escalation of tit-for-tat tariffs
escalation of tit-for-tat tariffs
(d) Chinese government will be more skeptical of the value of negotiations with
the U.S
the U.S
(e) All of the above
Q4. How does the author expect the world economy to pull out of the plunge?
(a) Change in interest rates by the world’s central bank
(b) US- China trade negotiations
(c) Picking up the growth in 2019
(d) Both (a) and (b)
(e) All (a), (b) and (c)
Q5. Choose the word which is opposite to the “BOOST”, as highlighted in
the passage given above.
the passage given above.
(a) brace
(b) enliven
(c) vivify
(d) thwart
(e) invigorate
Directions (6-10): Read the following passage and answer the
following questions based on the given passage.
following questions based on the given passage.
ON May 4, 2000, the National Park Service
set a controlled burn fire in New Mexico’s Bandalier National Monument. The
deliberate burning was meant to prevent fire hazards waiting to happen in the
arid mesa country, lined with Ponderosa pines, a ready tinderbox. But by the
next day, the stipulated fire meant to prevent a wildfire became one itself
when it crossed a designated fire line. Over the next week, high winds plunged
the controlled fire into a wild forest fire, spreading out of control into the
Santa Fe National Forest nearby and toward the towns of Los Alamos and White
Rock, where 18,000 residents were evacuated. Finally, the thousand firefighters
deployed to quell the flames contained what became known as the Cerro Grande
Fire nearly three weeks after it began. By then, it had destroyed 48,000 acres
and 235 homes and caused over $1 billion in damages.
set a controlled burn fire in New Mexico’s Bandalier National Monument. The
deliberate burning was meant to prevent fire hazards waiting to happen in the
arid mesa country, lined with Ponderosa pines, a ready tinderbox. But by the
next day, the stipulated fire meant to prevent a wildfire became one itself
when it crossed a designated fire line. Over the next week, high winds plunged
the controlled fire into a wild forest fire, spreading out of control into the
Santa Fe National Forest nearby and toward the towns of Los Alamos and White
Rock, where 18,000 residents were evacuated. Finally, the thousand firefighters
deployed to quell the flames contained what became known as the Cerro Grande
Fire nearly three weeks after it began. By then, it had destroyed 48,000 acres
and 235 homes and caused over $1 billion in damages.
While corporate crises seem a far cry from the
Cerro Grande fire, there are some disconcerting parallels. Like the fire
personnel and residents near Bandalier, companies often need to react quickly
in the face of unanticipated challenges—whether industrial accidents, financial
misdeeds, cyberattacks, or any number of disasters which seem to occur more
frequently today than ever before. But companies often cannot detect as easily
the point at which business-as-usual turns into a crisis when no prescribed fire
line exists to delineate a controlled burn from an uncontrolled one. [A] Instead, they may treat the first signs of smoke with complacency,
which soon degenerates into panic as the fire catches. Flummoxed by stress
responses and human behavioral factors, the company loses precious time frozen
in confusion and indecision, as the situation escalates to threaten the
corporation’s reputation, business, and sometimes, its very survival.
Cerro Grande fire, there are some disconcerting parallels. Like the fire
personnel and residents near Bandalier, companies often need to react quickly
in the face of unanticipated challenges—whether industrial accidents, financial
misdeeds, cyberattacks, or any number of disasters which seem to occur more
frequently today than ever before. But companies often cannot detect as easily
the point at which business-as-usual turns into a crisis when no prescribed fire
line exists to delineate a controlled burn from an uncontrolled one. [A] Instead, they may treat the first signs of smoke with complacency,
which soon degenerates into panic as the fire catches. Flummoxed by stress
responses and human behavioral factors, the company loses precious time frozen
in confusion and indecision, as the situation escalates to threaten the
corporation’s reputation, business, and sometimes, its very survival.
A level-headed manager in a well-run firm would
seem a good candidate to navigate effectively through such crises. However, human emotional responses to
extreme stress are deeply ingrained and difficult to overcome, and
organizational dynamics often exacerbate irrational decision-making. [B] In a crisis, unthinking reactions tend
to kick in at the very moment when strategic reasoning is needed most.
Behavioral science now provides some answers to why individuals and
organizations often fail to recognize their dilemmas and suggests techniques to
undo the mental impediments that blind them. Knowing this, corporate leaders
can help their companies overcome what may be the biggest, under-acknowledged
hurdle to their rescue and recovery. By understanding common emotional
drawbacks hindering crisis management, the reasons for them, and related
organizational dynamics, business leaders are better equipped to put in place
processes to guard against the traps and to meet the test of crisis with
greater fortitude.
seem a good candidate to navigate effectively through such crises. However, human emotional responses to
extreme stress are deeply ingrained and difficult to overcome, and
organizational dynamics often exacerbate irrational decision-making. [B] In a crisis, unthinking reactions tend
to kick in at the very moment when strategic reasoning is needed most.
Behavioral science now provides some answers to why individuals and
organizations often fail to recognize their dilemmas and suggests techniques to
undo the mental impediments that blind them. Knowing this, corporate leaders
can help their companies overcome what may be the biggest, under-acknowledged
hurdle to their rescue and recovery. By understanding common emotional
drawbacks hindering crisis management, the reasons for them, and related
organizational dynamics, business leaders are better equipped to put in place
processes to guard against the traps and to meet the test of crisis with
greater fortitude.
Crises have the upper hand simply because they
tend to come as a surprise to those who aren’t especially trained to take them
on. Some, like 9/11, hit like a thunderbolt and are immediately identified as a
disaster. Others sneak up, looking like a routine matter at first, and then
flare into catastrophe, like an accounting anomaly that unravels a whole
corporation. In either case, the threat is likely of a scale or type that
business leaders have never before encountered personally. For most, a
major crisis is a once-in-a-career event. As a consequence, it’s easy to fall
back on routine procedures, only worsening the outcome, or to improvise the
wrong solutions in fear and panic instead of following effective practices.
Many times, corporate executives misread the scenario in a way that dangerously
delays a successful response.
tend to come as a surprise to those who aren’t especially trained to take them
on. Some, like 9/11, hit like a thunderbolt and are immediately identified as a
disaster. Others sneak up, looking like a routine matter at first, and then
flare into catastrophe, like an accounting anomaly that unravels a whole
corporation. In either case, the threat is likely of a scale or type that
business leaders have never before encountered personally. For most, a
major crisis is a once-in-a-career event. As a consequence, it’s easy to fall
back on routine procedures, only worsening the outcome, or to improvise the
wrong solutions in fear and panic instead of following effective practices.
Many times, corporate executives misread the scenario in a way that dangerously
delays a successful response.
We see examples of this in reactions to actual
corporate crises. When a letter from federal regulators arrived at their
office, the US CEO and general counsel of a leading multinational bank kept it
a secret, choosing not to inform headquarters or even their own staff. The
regulators had ordered the bank to respond in less than two months with a plan
to return to regulatory compliance or exit a US business key to the parent
company’s bottom line. The increasing number and severity of issues cited
should have been a hint of mounting problems. Instead, the US bank’s two
leaders decided to view the latest letter as another routine communication.
Within days of the deadline, the CEO flew into full crisis mode, pleading with
regulators for more time and finally engaging corporate headquarters. Trouble
that might have been managed at an earlier stage had grown into a potential
threat to the entire company, impacting the board, senior management, and
clients.
corporate crises. When a letter from federal regulators arrived at their
office, the US CEO and general counsel of a leading multinational bank kept it
a secret, choosing not to inform headquarters or even their own staff. The
regulators had ordered the bank to respond in less than two months with a plan
to return to regulatory compliance or exit a US business key to the parent
company’s bottom line. The increasing number and severity of issues cited
should have been a hint of mounting problems. Instead, the US bank’s two
leaders decided to view the latest letter as another routine communication.
Within days of the deadline, the CEO flew into full crisis mode, pleading with
regulators for more time and finally engaging corporate headquarters. Trouble
that might have been managed at an earlier stage had grown into a potential
threat to the entire company, impacting the board, senior management, and
clients.
As the instance above shows, dismissing bad news
is a common response at the outset of crisis when it’s unclear whether new
developments are business as usual or life-threatening. Sticking to the view
that the things are normal protects the crisis managers from realizing that the
situation is becoming severe and unpredictable. Also, staying oblivious to the
realities will offer more space for the fast accumulating crisis. In the thick
of a dilemma, it’s not always obvious that one needs to be on guard against the
first reflexive response. When a plane stalls, for instance, new pilots
instinctively pull back the control stick to point the plane up. But that move
will hasten a crash, because the ascending plane starts to lose speed. Pointing
the plane down is actually the way out, because losing altitude increases speed,
causing the plane to lift. Likewise, in a corporate emergency, the initial
impulse to dismiss a threat is a mistake. Waking up to the dimensions of the
problem and taking deliberate actions to counteract it is the right way to go.
But that’s difficult when the automatic response to ignore or deny is just one
of many mental errors humans are susceptible to, even in the best of times.
is a common response at the outset of crisis when it’s unclear whether new
developments are business as usual or life-threatening. Sticking to the view
that the things are normal protects the crisis managers from realizing that the
situation is becoming severe and unpredictable. Also, staying oblivious to the
realities will offer more space for the fast accumulating crisis. In the thick
of a dilemma, it’s not always obvious that one needs to be on guard against the
first reflexive response. When a plane stalls, for instance, new pilots
instinctively pull back the control stick to point the plane up. But that move
will hasten a crash, because the ascending plane starts to lose speed. Pointing
the plane down is actually the way out, because losing altitude increases speed,
causing the plane to lift. Likewise, in a corporate emergency, the initial
impulse to dismiss a threat is a mistake. Waking up to the dimensions of the
problem and taking deliberate actions to counteract it is the right way to go.
But that’s difficult when the automatic response to ignore or deny is just one
of many mental errors humans are susceptible to, even in the best of times.
Q6. How can business leaders meet the test of
crisis with greater endurance?
crisis with greater endurance?
(a) Formal analysis of what was done well, what
could be done better next time and how to improve various elements of crisis
response plan.
could be done better next time and how to improve various elements of crisis
response plan.
(b) The crisis response plan should be tailored for your organisation, and it
should include both operational and communications components.
should include both operational and communications components.
(c) Business leaders must understand the common emotional pitfalls that hamper
the process of crisis management and organizational dynamics related to it
the process of crisis management and organizational dynamics related to it
(d) Both (b) & (c)
(e) Both (a) & (b)
Q7. According to the passage given above, which of
the following measure/s has/have been suggested to tackle corporate crisis at its initial
stage?
the following measure/s has/have been suggested to tackle corporate crisis at its initial
stage?
(a) Be proactive and arrange an intensive
brainstorming session to go through all the potential crises that could occur
at your organisation.
brainstorming session to go through all the potential crises that could occur
at your organisation.
(b) Take deliberate actions to counteract the crisis at its initial stage.
(c) Both (a) & (b)
(d) It has been suggested not to dismiss the
initial signs of threat and wake up to the dimensions of the problem.
initial signs of threat and wake up to the dimensions of the problem.
(e) Both (b) & (d)
Q8. What can be inferred from the statement [A] “Instead, they may treat the first signs of
smoke with complacency, which soon degenerates into panic as the fire catches”?
smoke with complacency, which soon degenerates into panic as the fire catches”?
(a) Even if the company does not earns a profit
on that particular deal, they can still keep their customers’ business while
their reputation remains intact.
on that particular deal, they can still keep their customers’ business while
their reputation remains intact.
(b) In the planning stage of the business, plan for the absolute worst crisis
you can think of to curb it at initial stages.
you can think of to curb it at initial stages.
(c) Companies are as open as possible; tell what they know and when they became
aware of the crisis; explain who is involved and what is being done to fix the
situation.
aware of the crisis; explain who is involved and what is being done to fix the
situation.
(d) Companies may ignore the initial signs of crisis which exacerbates the
situation and result in severe losses
situation and result in severe losses
(e) None of these
Q9. What has/have been the reason (s) cited by the
writer for the delayed or unsuccessful response to a major crisis?
writer for the delayed or unsuccessful response to a major crisis?
(a) Most of the crisis managers think that major
crisis will not occur more than once in their career.
crisis will not occur more than once in their career.
(b) The proliferation of digital technology has quickened the pace of emerging
crises. When a crisis breaks, it unfolds incredibly fast.
crises. When a crisis breaks, it unfolds incredibly fast.
(c) Crisis managers tend to become reluctant in their routine procedures which
intensifies the outcome and sometimes devising wrong solutions.
intensifies the outcome and sometimes devising wrong solutions.
(d) Both (a) & (c)
(e) Both (a) & (b)
Q10. How did the controlled fire in Bandalier
National Monument become a catastrophe causing damage of over $1 billion?
National Monument become a catastrophe causing damage of over $1 billion?
(a) During the high speed winds, the officials
has practiced the controlled fire beyond the fire line which led to spread of
fire.
has practiced the controlled fire beyond the fire line which led to spread of
fire.
(b) The prescribed blaze which was meant to forestall the wildfires breached
the fire line and the high winds whipped the burn into an inferno.
the fire line and the high winds whipped the burn into an inferno.
(c) Some of the natural causes including lightning had set the tress on fire in
Bandalier National Monument
Bandalier National Monument
(d) The fire was largely caused due to climatic conditions such as temperature,
wind speed and direction, level of moisture in soil and atmosphere and duration
of dry spells
wind speed and direction, level of moisture in soil and atmosphere and duration
of dry spells
(e) None of these
Directions (11 –15): In
the following questions, four words are given, choose the most suitable
alternative reflecting the combination of the words which are either synonyms
or antonyms of each other. If no such pair is formed, mark option (e) i.e.,
“none of these” as your answer choice.
the following questions, four words are given, choose the most suitable
alternative reflecting the combination of the words which are either synonyms
or antonyms of each other. If no such pair is formed, mark option (e) i.e.,
“none of these” as your answer choice.
Q11.
(i) conclusion
(i) conclusion
(ii)
paradox
paradox
(iii)
discrepancy
discrepancy
(iv)
pragmatic
pragmatic
(a)
only (i) – (iv)
only (i) – (iv)
(b)
only (i) – (iii)
only (i) – (iii)
(c)
only (ii) – (iii)
only (ii) – (iii)
(d)
only (i) – (ii)
only (i) – (ii)
(e)
none of these
none of these
Q12.
(i) declaration
(i) declaration
(ii)
modicum
modicum
(iii)
laxity
laxity
(iv)
surveillance
surveillance
(a)
only (iii) – (iv)
only (iii) – (iv)
(b)
only (i) – (iii)
only (i) – (iii)
(c)
only (ii) – (iii)
only (ii) – (iii)
(d)
only (i) – (ii)
only (i) – (ii)
(e)
none of these
none of these
Q13.
(i) historical
(i) historical
(ii)
tussle
tussle
(iii)
cumbrous
cumbrous
(iv)
combat
combat
(a)
only (iii) – (iv)
only (iii) – (iv)
(b)
only (i) – (iii)
only (i) – (iii)
(c)
only (ii) – (iv)
only (ii) – (iv)
(d)
only (i) – (ii)
only (i) – (ii)
(e)
none of these
none of these
Q14.
(i) prudent
(i) prudent
(ii)
crucial
crucial
(iii)
fluid
fluid
(iv)
reckless
reckless
(a)
only (ii) – (iii)
only (ii) – (iii)
(b)
only (i) – (iii)
only (i) – (iii)
(c)
only (ii) – (iv)
only (ii) – (iv)
(d)
only (i) – (iv)
only (i) – (iv)
(e)
none of these
none of these
Q15. (i) itinerant
(ii)
nomads
nomads
(iii)
eradication
eradication
(iv)
penchant
penchant
(a)
only (i) – (ii)
only (i) – (ii)
(b)
only (ii) – (iii)
only (ii) – (iii)
(c)
only (ii) – (iv)
only (ii) – (iv)
(d)
only (i) – (iv)
only (i) – (iv)
(e)
none of these
none of these
Solutions
S1. Ans. (e)
Sol. Refer to the second paragraph of the passage given above, which states “The
G-20 on Friday said that world economic growth weakened late last year and
early this year because of heightened trade tensions, turbulent financial
markets and rising interest rates.” From the given lines, we can infer that
all the statements (I), (II) and (III) are correct. Hence, option (e) is the most
suitable answer choice.
G-20 on Friday said that world economic growth weakened late last year and
early this year because of heightened trade tensions, turbulent financial
markets and rising interest rates.” From the given lines, we can infer that
all the statements (I), (II) and (III) are correct. Hence, option (e) is the most
suitable answer choice.
S2. Ans. (d)
Sol. Refer to the third line of third paragraph which states, “They are
battling over U.S. allegations that China deploys predatory tactics – including
cybertheft and forcing foreign firms to hand over trade secrets — in a
sharp-elbowed effort to challenge American technological dominance.” From
the given information, we can conclude that the trade slump is due to the fight
for technological dominance. Hence, option (d) is the most suitable answer
choice.
battling over U.S. allegations that China deploys predatory tactics – including
cybertheft and forcing foreign firms to hand over trade secrets — in a
sharp-elbowed effort to challenge American technological dominance.” From
the given information, we can conclude that the trade slump is due to the fight
for technological dominance. Hence, option (d) is the most suitable answer
choice.
S3. Ans. (b)
Sol. Refer to the second line of last paragraph which states, “If the
Chinese agree to take in more imports from the United States, as widely
expected, those purchases could come at the expense other countries that have
been doing business with China.” From the given lines we can conclude that
the statement given in option (b) is the most appropriate answer in context of
the passage given above.
Chinese agree to take in more imports from the United States, as widely
expected, those purchases could come at the expense other countries that have
been doing business with China.” From the given lines we can conclude that
the statement given in option (b) is the most appropriate answer in context of
the passage given above.
S4. Ans. (d)
Sol. Here, refer to the first paragraph which states, “The global economy is
likely to pull out of a brief growth slump later this year – with a little help
from the world’s central banks and from U.S. and Chinese trade negotiators.
Global finance leaders gathered from the spring meetings of the International
Monetary Fund and the World Bank agree that the global economy has lost
momentum this year.” From the given
likely to pull out of a brief growth slump later this year – with a little help
from the world’s central banks and from U.S. and Chinese trade negotiators.
Global finance leaders gathered from the spring meetings of the International
Monetary Fund and the World Bank agree that the global economy has lost
momentum this year.” From the given
lines, we can infer that both the options (a) and
(b) have been cited as the reasons for the growth whereas option (c) is the
expectation of the writer ones the measures mentioned in options (a) and (b)
are implemented.
(b) have been cited as the reasons for the growth whereas option (c) is the
expectation of the writer ones the measures mentioned in options (a) and (b)
are implemented.
S5. Ans. (d)
Sol. “BOOST” means “help or encourage (something) to increase or improve” and
“THWART” means “prevent (someone) from accomplishing something.” Since, they
are opposite to each other, option (d) is the most suitable answer choice.
“THWART” means “prevent (someone) from accomplishing something.” Since, they
are opposite to each other, option (d) is the most suitable answer choice.
Invigorate: give strength or energy to.
Vivify: make more lively or interesting; enliven.
Enliven: make (something) more entertaining, interesting, or appealing.
Brace: a strengthening piece of iron or timber used in building
or carpentry.
S6. Ans. (c)
Sol. To validate the answer, refer to the last
lines of third paragraph, which mentions, “By
understanding common emotional drawbacks hindering crisis management, the
reasons for them, and related organizational dynamics, business leaders are
better equipped to put in place processes to guard against the traps and to
meet the test of crisis with greater fortitude.” Here, the quoted text can
be inferred from the statement given in option (c). Hence, option (c) is the
most suitable answer choice.
lines of third paragraph, which mentions, “By
understanding common emotional drawbacks hindering crisis management, the
reasons for them, and related organizational dynamics, business leaders are
better equipped to put in place processes to guard against the traps and to
meet the test of crisis with greater fortitude.” Here, the quoted text can
be inferred from the statement given in option (c). Hence, option (c) is the
most suitable answer choice.
S7. Ans. (e)
Sol. To validate the answer, refer to the last
paragraph of the passage given above, which mentions, “Likewise, in a corporate emergency, the initial impulse to dismiss a
threat is a mistake. Waking up to the dimensions of the problem and taking
deliberate actions to counteract it is the right way to go.” Among the
given options, we can infer the quoted text from the statements given in
options (b) and (d). Hence, option (e) is the most suitable answer choice.
paragraph of the passage given above, which mentions, “Likewise, in a corporate emergency, the initial impulse to dismiss a
threat is a mistake. Waking up to the dimensions of the problem and taking
deliberate actions to counteract it is the right way to go.” Among the
given options, we can infer the quoted text from the statements given in
options (b) and (d). Hence, option (e) is the most suitable answer choice.
S8. Ans. (d)
Sol. Referring to the second paragraph, which
mentions, “But companies often cannot
detect as easily the point at which business-as-usual turns into a crisis when
no prescribed fire line exists to delineate a controlled burn from an
uncontrolled one. Instead, they may treat the first signs of smoke with
complacency, which soon degenerates into panic as the fire catches”, we can
infer that the writer has mentioned the negligent attitude of companies towards
the onset of a crisis like situation. This might result in worsening of
situation and cause panic when the final crisis occurs. The quoted text can be
inferred from the statement given in option (d). Hence, option (d) is the most
suitable answer choice.
mentions, “But companies often cannot
detect as easily the point at which business-as-usual turns into a crisis when
no prescribed fire line exists to delineate a controlled burn from an
uncontrolled one. Instead, they may treat the first signs of smoke with
complacency, which soon degenerates into panic as the fire catches”, we can
infer that the writer has mentioned the negligent attitude of companies towards
the onset of a crisis like situation. This might result in worsening of
situation and cause panic when the final crisis occurs. The quoted text can be
inferred from the statement given in option (d). Hence, option (d) is the most
suitable answer choice.
S9. Ans. (d)
Sol. Refer to the fourth paragraph of the passage
given above, which mentions, “For most, a
major crisis is a once-in-a-career event. As a consequence, it’s easy to fall
back on routine procedures, only worsening the outcome, or to improvise the
wrong solutions in fear and panic instead of following effective practices.”
Here, we can infer the quoted text from the statements given in options (a) and
(c). Hence, option (d) is the most suitable answer choice.
given above, which mentions, “For most, a
major crisis is a once-in-a-career event. As a consequence, it’s easy to fall
back on routine procedures, only worsening the outcome, or to improvise the
wrong solutions in fear and panic instead of following effective practices.”
Here, we can infer the quoted text from the statements given in options (a) and
(c). Hence, option (d) is the most suitable answer choice.
S10. Ans. (b)
Sol. Refer to the first paragraph of the passage
given above, which mentions, “The
deliberate burning was meant to prevent fire hazards waiting to happen in the
arid mesa country, lined with Ponderosa pines, a ready tinderbox. But by the
next day, the stipulated fire meant to prevent a wildfire became one itself
when it crossed a designated fire line. Over the next week, high winds plunged
the controlled fire into a wild forest fire.” We can infer the quoted text
from the statement given in option (b). Here, we will eliminate the statement
given in option (a) because here there is mentioned clearly in the paragraph
that the controlled fire practice was set in and after that high winds blew it
further. Also, there is no mention that the fire breached the designated fire
line due to irresponsibility on the part of forest officials. Hence, option (b)
is the most suitable answer choice.
given above, which mentions, “The
deliberate burning was meant to prevent fire hazards waiting to happen in the
arid mesa country, lined with Ponderosa pines, a ready tinderbox. But by the
next day, the stipulated fire meant to prevent a wildfire became one itself
when it crossed a designated fire line. Over the next week, high winds plunged
the controlled fire into a wild forest fire.” We can infer the quoted text
from the statement given in option (b). Here, we will eliminate the statement
given in option (a) because here there is mentioned clearly in the paragraph
that the controlled fire practice was set in and after that high winds blew it
further. Also, there is no mention that the fire breached the designated fire
line due to irresponsibility on the part of forest officials. Hence, option (b)
is the most suitable answer choice.
S11.
Ans. (c)
Ans. (c)
Sol.
The most suitable words that are synonym of each other are ‘paradox’ and
‘discrepancy’. ‘paradox’ means a
seemingly absurd or contradictory statement or proposition which when investigated
may prove to be well founded or true while ‘discrepancy’ means an illogical or surprising lack of compatibility
or similarity between two or more facts.
All the other words are irrelevant to each other. Hence, option (c) is
the most viable answer choice.
The most suitable words that are synonym of each other are ‘paradox’ and
‘discrepancy’. ‘paradox’ means a
seemingly absurd or contradictory statement or proposition which when investigated
may prove to be well founded or true while ‘discrepancy’ means an illogical or surprising lack of compatibility
or similarity between two or more facts.
All the other words are irrelevant to each other. Hence, option (c) is
the most viable answer choice.
Pragmatic means dealing with
things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather
than theoretical considerations.
things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather
than theoretical considerations.
S12.
Ans. (a)
Ans. (a)
Sol.
The most suitable words that are opposite of each other are ‘surveillance’ and
‘combat’. ‘surveillance’ means close observation, especially of a suspected spy
or criminal while ‘laxity’ means
lack of strictness or care. All the other words are not related to each other.
Hence, option (c) is the most viable answer choice.
The most suitable words that are opposite of each other are ‘surveillance’ and
‘combat’. ‘surveillance’ means close observation, especially of a suspected spy
or criminal while ‘laxity’ means
lack of strictness or care. All the other words are not related to each other.
Hence, option (c) is the most viable answer choice.
Declaration means a formal or
explicit statement or announcement.
explicit statement or announcement.
Modicum means a small quantity
of a particular thing, especially something desirable or valuable.
of a particular thing, especially something desirable or valuable.
S13.
Ans. (c)
Ans. (c)
Sol.
The most suitable words that are synonym of each other are ‘tussle’ and
‘combat’. ‘tussle’ means a vigorous
struggle or scuffle, typically in order to obtain or achieve something; while,
‘combat’ means fighting between
armed forces. Since, they both are synonyms of each other, option (c) becomes
the most viable answer choice.
The most suitable words that are synonym of each other are ‘tussle’ and
‘combat’. ‘tussle’ means a vigorous
struggle or scuffle, typically in order to obtain or achieve something; while,
‘combat’ means fighting between
armed forces. Since, they both are synonyms of each other, option (c) becomes
the most viable answer choice.
Historical means of or concerning
history or past events
history or past events
Cumbrous means slow or
complicated and therefore inefficient.
complicated and therefore inefficient.
S14.
Ans. (d)
Ans. (d)
Sol.
The most suitable words that are opposite of each other are ‘prudent’ and
‘reckless’. ‘prudent’ means acting
with or showing care and thought for the future, while; ‘reckless’ means heedless of danger or the consequences of one’s
actions; rash or impetuous. Hence, option (d) is the most viable answer choice.
The most suitable words that are opposite of each other are ‘prudent’ and
‘reckless’. ‘prudent’ means acting
with or showing care and thought for the future, while; ‘reckless’ means heedless of danger or the consequences of one’s
actions; rash or impetuous. Hence, option (d) is the most viable answer choice.
Crucial means decisive or
critical, especially in the success or failure of something.
critical, especially in the success or failure of something.
Fluid means smoothly elegant
or graceful.
or graceful.
S15.
Ans.(a)
Ans.(a)
Sol.
The most suitable words that are synonym of each other are ‘itinerant’ and
‘nomads’. ‘itinerant’ means
travelling from place to place while; ‘nomads’
means a person who does not stay long in the same place; a wanderer. All the
other words are irrelevant to each other. Hence, option (a) is the most viable
answer choice.
The most suitable words that are synonym of each other are ‘itinerant’ and
‘nomads’. ‘itinerant’ means
travelling from place to place while; ‘nomads’
means a person who does not stay long in the same place; a wanderer. All the
other words are irrelevant to each other. Hence, option (a) is the most viable
answer choice.
Eradication means the complete
destruction of something.
destruction of something.
penchant means a strong or
habitual liking for something or tendency to do something.
habitual liking for something or tendency to do something.
