Example: Proving their mettle.
1. Mettle [met-l] : उत्साह, शूरता, दिलेरी
Noun: courage and fortitude; disposition or temperament.
Synonyms: bravery, caliber, courage, fortitude, grit, spunk, stamina, temperament, animation, ardor, backbone, daring, dauntlessness, disposition, energy, fire, force, gallantry, gameness.
Antonyms: coward, icetimidity, weakness, apathy.
Example: They often have a sentence that captures its philosophical and political kernel. In Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd) v. Union of India this can be found in para 121 of the judgment where Justice D.Y. Chandrachud writes, “When histories of nations are written and critiqued, there are judicial decisions at the forefront of liberty.
2. Kernel [kur-nl] : गुठली
Noun: the softer, usually edible part contained in the shell of a nut or the stone of a fruit; the body of a seed within its husk or integuments; a whole seed grain, as of wheat or corn.
Synonyms: fruit, grain, meat, morsel, nut, atom, bit, center, core, crux, germ, gist, heart, hub, keynote, marrow.
Antonyms: exterior, exteriority, outside, periphery.
3. Critique [kri-teek] : आलोचना करना
Noun: an article or essay criticizing a literary or other work; detailed evaluation; review; a criticism or critical comment on some problem, subject, etc; the art or practice of criticism.
Verb: to review or analyze critically.
Synonyms: abstracted, analyzed, considered, criticized, examined, investigated, judged, outlined, reconsidered, studied, summarized, surveyed.
Antonym: unplanned.
Example: Yet others have to be consigned to the archives, reflective of what was, but should never have been.
4. Consign [kuh n-sahyn] : सुपुर्द करना, माल रवाना करना
Verb: to hand over or deliver formally or officially; commit (often followed by to); to transfer to another’s custody or charge; entrust; to set apart for or devote to (a special purpose or use); to banish or set apart in one’s mind; relegate.
Synonyms: assign, relegate, turn over, address, appoint, authorize, commission, commit, confide, convey, delegate, deliver, dispatch, forward, give.
Antonyms: keep, cease, conceal, hold.
Example: The sentence precedes a critique of judicial embarrassments from the U.S. and India, respectively (Buck v. Bell where the courts supported state-sponsored eugenic sterilisation and the infamous ADM Jabalpur v. Shivkant Shukla which held that there was no remedy against illegal detentions).
5. Eugenic [yoo-jen-ik] : सुजनन
Adjective: of or bringing about improvement in the type of offspring produced; having good inherited characteristics.
Synonyms: ancestral, hereditary, historical, abiogenetic, digenetic, genesiological, genital, matriclinous, patrimonial, phytogenetic, sporogenous, xenogenetic.
Antonym: acquired.
6. Sterilisation [ster-uh-luh-zey-shuh n] : बंध्याकरण
Noun: the act of sterilizing; the condition of being sterilized; the destruction of all living microorganisms, as pathogenic or saprophytic bacteria, vegetative forms, and spores.
Synonyms: infertility, castration, barrenness, fecundity, fruitlessness.
Example: While there is much that will be written about the Supreme Court’s decision holding that right to privacy is a fundamental right under the Indian Constitution, I want to focus on the temporal dimension of Justice Chandrachud’s statement.
7. Temporal [tem-per-uh l, tem-pruh l] : लौकिक
Adjective: of or relating to time; pertaining to or concerned with the present life or this world; worldly; enduring for a time only; temporary; transitory (opposed to eternal ).
Synonyms: earthly, materialistic, physical, sensual, lay, mortal, secular, banausic, carnal, civil, earthy, fleshy, mundane, nonsacred, nonspiritual, profane, subcelestial.
Antonyms: immaterial, mental, spiritual, endless.
Example: He trained in macroeconomics at highbrow campuses, picking up BSc, MPhil and PhD degrees from the London School of Economics, University of Oxford, and Yale University, respectively.
8. Highbrow [hahy-brou] : घमंडी, मगरूर
Noun: a person of superior intellectual interests and tastes; a person with intellectual or cultural pretensions; intellectual snob; the crestfish.
Adjective: of, relating to, or characteristic of a highbrow.
Synonyms: cerebral, scholarly, wise, bookish, brainy, cultured, erudite, intelligent, learned, studious, cultivated, intellective.
Example: Those acquainted with Mr. Patel’s economic philosophy were somewhat surprised at the choice, for he has never once throughout his career demonstrated an inclination for adventurism, and enjoys a reputation for conservatism.
9. Conservatism [kuh n-sur-vuh-tiz-uh m] : रूढ़िवाद
Noun: the disposition to preserve or restore what is established and traditional and to limit change; the principles and practices of political conservatives.
Synonyms: moderation, orthodoxy, preservation, traditionalism, conservativeness, reactionaryism, unprogessiveness.
Example: The manner of Mr. Rajan’s exit from the RBI, after a high-pitch campaign questioning his integrity, suggested the replacement would be someone pliable, a trait Mr. Patel did not seem to possess.
10. Pliable [plahy-uh-buh l] : लचीला
Adjective: easily bent; flexible; supple; easily influenced or persuaded; yielding; adjusting readily to change; adaptable.
Synonyms: docile, flexible, limber, malleable, manageable, pliant, spongy, supple, compliant, ductile, easily led, easy, impressionable, lithe, manipulable, moldable, obedient, plastic.
Antonyms: hard, inflexible, obstinate, rigid.Example: Proving their mettle.
